Basic Diamond Four C's
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The carat weight measures the mass of a diamond. One carat is defined as a fifth of a gram, or exactly 200 milligrams. The point unit - equal to one one-hundredth of a carat (0.01 carat, or 2 mg) - is commonly used for diamonds of less than one carat. |
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Though diamonds come in a wide range of colours, colourless diamonds have traditionally been considered the most valuable. Most diamonds are graded on a scale using the letters of the alphabet, from D (colourless), the best grade |
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The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) use a sliding grading scale based on descriptive terms of overall clarity. These grading agencies base their clarity grades on the characteristics of inclusions visible to a trained professional when a diamond is viewed from above under 10x magnification. |
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The cut of a diamond determines how it reflects light, which is responsible for its sparkle or brilliance. A well-cut diamond is cut by a skilled professional to the best proportions possible so that light will be reflected from each of its mirror like facets and disperse through its top.  Too shallow a cut will let light escape through |
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Diamond Education 
